Etymologia: Wehkwos inventen ab iom britisch scriptor George Orwell in 1945 (Eng. cold war).Ex id oraryo *srigu- ed id frankisch *werra.
Definition: Sont kyusen med srig weir ia conflictual sibias inter id USSR ed ia occidental democratias pos Mund Weir Dwo. Srig weir impliet un attitude os mutual hostilitat, aun hatta lites do armen conflict ("chald weir").
Ia inkapems ios srig weir (1946-1947)[]
Ja in 1946, i Occidentals miembh ei USSR ne respecte ia homologhias emen unte id Yalta Conference (februar 1945) enplacend-ye, in ia Eusteuropay lands lurt ab id sovietsk armee, communiste gouvernements supodehn ad Moskva. "Un isern cortin hat fallen ep id continent" declarit tun Churchill.
Id imdadh brighen ab US President Truman, in mart 1947, ad Hellad ed Tyrkia, objects om sovietsk pressems, deict od ia Uniet Stats os America hant deciden "arke" id communiste expansion do Europe (containment siyassa). Oik munts serter, id Marshall plan os economic imdadh ibs harpt lands os Europe hat part-ye ka ziel, kayjinend-ye jaldi id gwitstandard, vergihes ter id antslehnken uns communiste revolutionarios propaganda.
Moskva ripostet denuncend-ye id "US imperialisme" ed mobiliset ia communiste parties, tun staur in Italia ed France. In februar 1948, un gvaltact installet, in Chekhoslovakia, un communiste magh supodehn ad Moskva.
Dwo antagoniste blocks pagent tun : "id leudher mund" ed id "socialiste lagher". Se constituent do militar alliances : in 1949, id Atlantic Pact (NATO) jamiyet Westeuropay lands ambh ia Uniet Stats; in 1955, id Varschava Pactintegret ia forces iom respublics satellite ios USSR ibs sovietsk silahs.
Bfuxionga confrontations bayeihnt tun id imminence os Mund Weir Tri : id blockade os West-Berlin ab i Sovietskens, quod obliget i US Americans ad organise un airbrigv kay betyices ia quartiers sub occidental control ios prever deutsch nagor (ex juno 1948 do mai 1949); id attaque os Sud Korea ab i communiste Nord Koreans, id US armee intervenend sub mandat iom Uniet Nations, menxu i Chineses, uperleitus do communisme in 1949, stehme i Nord Koreans (1950-1953). I presta strehngens os europay construction (1951) wardhe eni tod contexte ed beziele kardwne id cohesion os West Europe face id sovietsk menace. Quan i Allieits reconstituent westi un Federal Respublic Deutschland (FRD), i Sovietski transforme ir occupationszone do un Deutscho Democratic Respublic (DDR).
Id mohrt os Stalin (mart 1953) bringht sem inkapem os "detente", bet bilhassa id xeihsa ios atomic arme ab bo superstieures (ab 1949) vevergihsit id escalade kyun armen conflict. Bo convicen od ne maght ses un victor in uno nuclear confrontation, ia dwo duschmans eiskwnt neutralise mutu conservend-ye face alter un egal atomic potential : est id "terrortula".
Id "raketencrise" ed id "detente" - (1962-1979)[]
Khruschchov wanact id USSR pos Stalin. Lancet id dayi uns "pacific coexistence" inter ia dwo blocks bet, sei denuncet id terroriste dictature os Stalin, is remant derv ibs prabhils os eys gospoti siyassa. Enderwaurct in 1956 id Magyar peiten os oiskape id sovietsk fangh ed, in 1961, strugeiht id "Berliner Mur", stambhend quant relations inter ia westquartiers, gwehmend ender id FRD, ed ia eustquartiers, necten ei DDR.
In 1962 udbrehct id gravest crise ios srig weir. Id USSR stehmend in Cuba id revolutionar gouvernement os Castro, rallievs communisme. Khruschchov emt id risk os installe in id insule - baygh prokwem ia Uniet Stats - missils kabil os hihes quodlibt point ios US territorium. In October 1962, US President Kennedy endemeurt id USSR ke stract sien raketes ed emt militar meids. Pos oin hevd os extreme tension, id sovietsko gouvernement est bidt. Id mund hat oistript nuclear weir.
Tod dramatic crise, quod ne est rhayir ad Khruschchovs eviction ex id magh in 1964, marct id inkapem uns phase kwitto "detente" in Washington, ed "pacific coexistence" in Moskva, quod siet dure tiel 1979, bo stieures consciend od uno nuclear conflict mayniet ir mutual destruction. Product os naudh, tod detente ne est lakin un rapprochement : id signature om playcts (traiteit os nuclear non-proliferation in 1968, control iom strategic missils ab 1972) deht fino neter ei confrontation, ni ei bwukispehrd. Menxu ia Uniet Stats, ex 1964 do 1975, se engage in Vietnam do un ouvert conflict contra un communiste magh stohmen ab id USSR, senter se beghapt med un enorm weirflotte ed intervent do Africa (Aythiopia, Angola) direct-ye au med Cuban soldats.
Id Helsinki Pact signet dien 1sto Augusto 1975 buit ayno tienjien-ye ka un nov "Yalta" reaffirmend id sovietsk fangh upper ids imperium ed permittend sammel id access iom occidental capitals ed technologias. Esdi id Pact ne hieb id wirt uns international traiteit ghehldend ka loy in ia signatar lands, id hieb neprevis consequences, besonters in quo id inclus id rect ad leur ed pluraliste elections. Buit ithan un important instrument pro i dissident contesters iom Eusteuropay Stats keupend id respect iom menscenrects ed iom lures. I chekhoslovak intellectuals buir i presti qui se refereer tei in id Charta 77.
Id fin ios srig weir - (1980-1989)[]
In 1973, un coup-d'etat oistohmen ab Moskva hat uperwaldht iom roy os Afghanistan. Un second gvaltact, in 1978, installet in id land un pro-communiste magh, bet tod incontret tant resistence quem id USSR karrart intervene militar-ye. Ye endo 1979, id sovietsk armee invadt Afghanistan bet khact vinces iens mujihads hohlpt rahas-ye ab ia USA. In Polska, nespekent ia martial loy declaren ab id communiste magh, Solidarnosc udjidalt sib syndicalo lure med ia Gdansk playcts in 1980, ed dec millions orbatern adhese tod syndicat, eti encouragen ab iom polec papp Iohannes Paul II, elegen in 1978.
Yant id end iom 1970tias, id deuysen os communisme in economic ed social matiers biht kaegi, menxu tod decennium eet kohnsen bevide id adgumt uns communiste societat kabil os nehme ad cadanghen sekwent eys wans, to hol ob gerontocratia ed nepotisme, ed id attract buct ab id Europay Communitat. Bad, id stand ios USSR buit slabiht ab id crise iom "euromissils" quod dehsit fin ei occidental pacifisme ed ei chantage era ud Moskva. Face id installation ab i Sovietskens om SS 20 missils beghapt med nuclear caps ed samt uno megil strehlprecision, id gwaukania im Westeuropays dwigh ibs USA retulges id tula. Hassa, US President Reagan mehldt id "Strategic Defense Initiative" (SDI), enplacen uns druv antimissile schild ab uno netwehrg baset ep artificial satellites, extreme-ye complicat ed costeus ijadh, installet in id space ed lakapto bi tod sabab "Star weir".
In fact, kad "Star weir" eet tik un bleuf bestohmen ad pussire id duschman do masrafs id khakiet tules. Baygh hushyar de id stets meis difficil situation in id USSR, enderminet ab id deuysen os planifiet economia ed ios communiste systeme, id US gouvernement ghohd spehe od, rhayr kabil os etibehde, Moskva negociet.
Wakyas tun se precipite. Gwohmto do magh in 1985, is nov secretar-general ios sovietskios communiste partise, Mikhayil Gorbachov, tentet un general reforme (перестройка) ed relancet un detente siyassa kay minces id vyige ios militar expense. Ia concessions kwohrt ab Gorbachov deughe neprevis consequences : id ghyanen ios Isern Cortin, id fall ios Berliner Mur (November 1989), id deuysen iom economic reformes. Dreibhent id oku kasra iom communiste maghs in Eust Europe. Mox, in idpet USSR collapt id systeme ed, abnihn ab id implosion os communisme, id Sovietsk Union disbiht in 1991.
Muassir pands[]
US President Reagan hat yando jimant sehlus id Srig Weir. In fact, sovietsk communisme hat seswo destrugen : con id hat forswohnden id menace skipen ab un totalitair ideologia samt tienxia vocation.
Kwe habmos salgen tod "fin os historia" udwekwnen in 1989 ab iom US politolog Francis Fukuyama ? Id disparition ios bipolar tula quod id mund, volt ne volt, ee-seswohndit pon oin pwolsecule pont meis problemes quem bringht solutions. Id "nov mund aurdhen" mohlden in 1990 ab US President George Bush obkwehct anter ses un disaurdhen. Ia USA, qua maghses perbohrg apter tod formule id tentation uns tienxia hegemonia, ne hant ia zariyas kay bunges tod, esdi hant proben, in Irak unte id Gulf Weir (1991), in ex-Yugoslavia face ia carences ios EU (1995) od sont ia sauls qua ghehde age efficient-ye.
Neidghi stieure ghehdt nundiens oiswekwehre sien liderspect ye tienxia maschtab, ed id XXIsto secule se mehldt ka multipolar.