Migration kyeust un populationsmovment: vis ud id asimatland, est un emigration; vis ud id arrivenland, est un immigration.
Migrator phenomens sont tem veut quem menscgenos. Bi divers sababs (paursken om saydplors au breds, fug ud natural catastrophes au invasions), menschen grupps hant semper trohcen ed pagen do nov iklimes. Also, id migration iom oraryen folks hat populet id Europe os Uber Antiquitat; ye id Vt secule pos JC, tod iom Germanic teuts hat invaden id Occidental Roman Imperium; ex id XVIIt do id XXt secule, uno massive migration Europayen hat transformet America. Migrations oiskeipe id magno motor iom colonisationsprocessen.
Nundiens, faciliht ab Globalisation, migrator phenomens manifestent-se khaliban ex ia Sud orm lands do ia antplohcen lands, quer tod immigration est ayn sammel ka positive, betschi gehnt specific problemes. Ad to tehrbent bihe addihn ia inland migrator movments, ta tim exraudhen Chinese nowngmins (mingongs) orbatskwnd in urbs au tod im Balkan Romanis, eni id Europay Union (EU), do West Europe.
Buhsa os immigration[]
Migratora strohms bihnt piwt ab dwo major causes :
- Paursken os orbat ed uns gohder gwit, besonters in un antplohct land;
- Fug motive ab weir, insecuritat, persecution, climatchanges.
Immigration est tun definitive. Ad to tehrbent bihe addihta zanchey migrations motiven ab id possibilitat uns pristorbat (mathalan saisonopsens au uno mier industrial chantier).
Europe est id prest migrator destination (34% iom international migrants), sohkwt ab Asia (28%) ed Nord America (23%). Un report ios UN Antslehnkensprogramme vehrt od in 2009 circa 200 millions leuden sont concernen ielg yar ye tienxia maschtab ab zanchey au definitive migrator movments; 75% tim migrants volge kya lands samt hog nivell om economic ed social antslehnken.
Nekam un commun-ye admitten dayi, immigration ne concernt tik i meist mukhtajens. Oin quardel im migrants sont also diplomeits, ed pelu preimlands, kam Canada, empraxise un selective (wa "chusen") immigration. Tod protiedart tik immigrants id national economia want ed qui xeihnt ia naudhen competences. Tod brain drain (kersen fug) hat ka magn inconveniento desvantage ia Stats quetos i migrants gwehme, ia beghseihnd ja pau kathire cadrens. In Subsahrawi Africa, quer tik 4% ios population est diplomeit, 31% tim qualifien leuds emigre edghi sont misst ab ir vatans.
Punor, denartransfers parkwohrt ab i emigrants do ir vatans teument muhim-ye ia inland brutta products (BIPs). In 2008, ta transfers eent vohrten global-ye do quasi 300 millions dollaren, yani tris id summ iom imdadhs ijaben ab ia antplohcta Stats au ia Uniet Nations.
Unte id akhir tridel ios XXt secule, ia legislations iom preimlands hant bevis destull genereus dia immigration, autorisend besonters familial koimdeughen permittend ei immigrant gwehmus ad paurske orbat bihe joint ab eys esor ed eys purts (leg os 1965 in ia Uniet Stats os America, os 1976 in France). Pon to, id crehscend adstrohm tem quem id economic crise hant ducen uni legislative kaurden. Ia Uniet Stats hant construgen un druv barrier ep ir Mexican grance kay kyimes id arriven im Latinos. In Europe, ia EU Stats bayghend id Schengen rewos hant, prabh-ye saygen, externaliset id grancencontrol assocyend-ye tei ir Suder niebers (Tyrkia, Libia, Tunisia, Marok) quer se hant multipliet ia immigranten xeihlaghers filtrend, ne aun brutalitat, subsahrawi immigration.
Id consequence tom restrictive siyassas hat esen id augen os illegal immigration, posdohrjen ab aunscrupule criminal organisations. Inter 1988 ed 2010, circa 18 200 migrants nohc tentend-ye ghehde do Europe, pleisti kariekh mari.
Vantages ed problemes os immigration[]
Id gumt immigranten do Europe, eti ia ja mohlden causes, est unschi consequence ios demographic evolution. Ob un EU crosctratio bayna ia tienxia slabsta ed ob un gerascen phenomen, id population pluren major lands (Deutschland, Italia, Espania) est menacen ab decline. Immigration ghi biht uno naudh kay tines ter opos. In tod sense, est positive ed dehlct adduce uni plen integration definitiven immigranten, kam quo hat tyohcen in id America ios XIXt secule.
Lakin, talg ne est semper id fall. Dat id muzlim keupensnivell ed id nasukia im immigrants, immigration ghehdt bunges pressem contra salairs ed smyehre id antslehnken os pauperisation. Ghehdt yaschi, sei integration duswehrct, favorise id antslehnken os communitarisme ed id wardhen om contra-societats ye id marge, exclusion ed id ghem gwitsnivell facileihnda tun id implantation mafiosen structures wi ibs illicit trafiques au om ideologias hostile dia assimilation. Id risk tun est os prispehce sem, yando violent, reactions os reject eni id preimsocietat qua gwehme ad guranwes ia integrationsdifficultats ed favorise identitar comstrehbhen.
Alyo probleme est id existence, parallel-ye ei legal immigration, uns amalan incontrolable illegal immigration. Aun qualification, menacet ab expulsion, ti illegal immigrants forme un subproletariat quod hol sectors iom economias iom antplohct lands plaut-ye brunge, besonters in ia branches os construction au iom chifanpehrns, ed quos integrationspossibilitats sont teun. Aweis est baygh difficil ranwes ids ahammiyat. In France, un sokreport ios Assemblée Nationale os 2005 raw inter 200 000 ed 400 000 illegal immigrants. Ia massenregularisations, qua besonters Espania in 2005 ed ia Uniet Stats in 2013 hant tyict, sont tik pwolsolutions qua ne solve id grund ios probleme.