Christianisme

Etymologia: Ex latin christianus ("disciple os Christ"), nuden yant Antiquitat; christianismus prehpt ye id XIIIt secule in Kyrkslatin. Christ gwehmt ex hellen χριστός (cf. Sambahsa "griht"), tarjem ex ibri מָשִׁיחַ ("messiah", qui hat primto Divs ehngwen).

Definition: Christianisme est oino iom Monotheismen quod, con hellen-romanum antiquitat, hat profund-ye influen Occidental men.

Possible ligeKwiter os Jesus-Christ ex id Iser Kafan (levi) con ids negative (dexi). Id Iser Kafan est un reliquia prehpus ye id XIVt secule quodwert habiet vulbht id corpos Christios kun so buit dehn do maghil; id est nun conserven in Turin. Id interesse de tod kafan buit gwiwt in 1898 kun id negative uns Photographia revelit surprindanta tuntro invisible detayls qua kwecto samstohm con id texte ex id Bible. Un radiocarbon tarikhen buit tyicen unte ia 1980tias ed kohns id kafan buit creet inter 1260 ed 1390, yed ne expliet quosmed id dwigon kwiter ios corpos buit "druckt" ep id lin.

Jesus (ibri : ישוע/ יֵשׁוּעַ, hellen : Ιησούς), ops kalen "Jesus os Nazareth" gnahsit inter -7 ed -2 ed nohc inter 30 ed 33 nosters era. Est is central rjienbwuts iom Christian agamas, qua iom aynt Sunu os Div ed iom Messiah mohldt in id Vetus Testament. In Islam, est gnohn ka عيسى بن مريم‎ = "Jesus son as Maria" ed ayn is pre-senst prophet ed messager os Div (Allah), tem quem is Messiah yisen kay guide i Purts Israels med un nov revelation, id Euanghelio (إنجيل). Est is udwekwntst anghen in id Coran.

Jesus Christ

Ye id origin os christianisme wehst weidwos id prechen os Jesus, wardhend eni id contexte uns yudi Palestine quod dustehlt id annexion ei Roman Imperium . Id hoger yudi cler daydey acceptet id roman waldh, wawod id religieusum sonterkweitu ios province est respecten, bet id popule vidt ter id domination ab i kafirs ed gwivt in id intizar ios Messiah, ios Salvor qui redahsiet ad Israel ids independence ed megdos.

Pro maungs, Jesus est is Christ, so tant intizarno Messiah mohlden in id Scripture qui sollt bringhes id Furkan ei yudi popule. Quayque eys lohr, focusen ep id liubh al niebst, id indeulgen iom skeulsen, id malamor os opnos, ne est direct-ye subversive, is besweurght kafi i tarafdars ios ordre-public qui eiskwnt elimine iom. Arrest, hast-ye judcet ed makhkoumiht, is biht crucifix in Jerusalem inter 30 ed 33. Bet ja, eys disciples, qui credeihnt is hat scrohscen poskwo luden do warwn, diffunde eys wekwos - transcript serter, ex 64 do 100, do ia Euanghelia (in hellen, Ευαγγέλιον = sell khabar) -, besonters exter Palestine, do ia diaspohrn yudi communitats (id "diaspora").

Id cruce hat vibihn id symbol im Christians ab id IIt secule. Tod yasp jauhar - nundiens in id British Museum - tarikhiet ex circum 200 ed esiet id veutst religieus kip ios crucifixion os Jesus. Un part ios hellen texte est dar skweitet : ΠΑΤΗΡ ΙΗ-CΟΥ ΧΡΙCΤΕ = "Pater Jesus Christe".

Id universalisation ios christic message

Ex todpet geographic diffusion gwehmt un essential doctrinal plautereihsa : Paul, helleniset yudi ex Tarsus (in Asia Minor) ed roman civ, convert-se do christianisme in 38. Is ne hat gnohn Jesus bet, piwt af hellen men, is tolct id christiano message do unum universal sense. Jesus ghi hieb tik wohkwt id yudi popule; Saint Paul, nestrakible mussafer qui begwaht id Roman Imperium ex 45 do 60, mehldt quantloc od id promiss ios Furkan concernt hol Menscgenos. Is it enderkwiteiht definitive-ye christianisme, Religion wehkwnd wiswens ensans, ud Yahadut, quod remant id religion uns "elect" folk.

Id diffusion os christianisme

Christianisme preter se diffundt lent-ye, bet wawod id nov religion insist swesgenmenos inter menscens, quantens egal ant Div, est bertor unios megil wehlpen pro i nidehnstens. Brunct eti id spiritual angsto quod affect id Roman Imperium ab id IIt secule, weitwoss ab id veut Olympian religion reducto do un tursto dyinst. Sei alims trehve antwehrds in id philosophic men - ies Paters ios Kyrk, ex Tertullian do Saint Augustinus, sessient diu sammel i hereds ed concurrents iom neoPlatonisten -, id pledveh paursct husur in cults ex Orient qua promitte personal Furkan : Isis ex Misr, ia suri diva Astarte, Cybele (ia "Megil Mater" ex Asia), is parsi div Mithras. Christianisme est oin tom Furkanreligions, bet ids message udspondt ta.

Un part ios opinion remant lakin baygh hostile. Id mambht im Christians ir intransigence, quod rumpt con id tradition os tolerance os hellenisme. I Christians refusent sacrifie im divs; diweident id official cult os Rome ed os Cesar, est-yod uno manifestation os loyalisme; inkarnt draukhte, menxu id barbar menace auct. Tod attitude expliet ia persecutions frequent-ye porunct ab id imperial magh. Bet dalg ud slabihes christianisme, ta kardwne ids prestige tantghi megil sont id taschabyth ed id abnegation im nicen martyrs.

Unte id militar anarchia ios IIIt secule, i Christians organisent-se do Kyrk, druv replic ios imperial administration samt idsa dems ed episkeps, tom os Rome (iom papp) appareihnd ka un genis religieus double ios Cesar. Ye id end ios IIIt secule, Diocletianus, reorganisator ios Stat, tentet exraudhe christianisme med un gvaltic general persecution : niet kamyabe.

Id cathedrale os Varharschapat, Armenia, est tienxia veutst cathedrale ed id materkyrk ios Armene Apostolic Kyrk (Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի). Sei excepmos id cortgwit Edessa roydem (nundiens in Sud-Eust Tyrkia) quos arab rays conversit-se do christianisme bet quod buit annecten ab id Roman Imperium in 216, Armenia esiet tienxia veutst christiano nation, quos roy Tiridates/Trdat mutadyinit inter 301 ed 314.

Id christianisation ios Roman Imperium

Recogneihndo tod deuysen, oin eysen successors, Constantinus (312-337), quos mater est Christian, inkapt tolerend-ye id Christian cult (Milan edict, 313). Leitend dalger, is cesar mox ayt christianisme id ideologic diemen kardwnmon id slabihn unitat ios Imperium : isswo se conversit just pre mehre.

Eys pleisti successors sont Christian. In 391, cesar Theodosius beuwt christianisme id official religion ios Stat ed bant alter cults.

Kip ed wirt uns oyr os Roy Ezana os Aythiopia (IVt secule); id cruce dik is eet Christian, buit converten inter 341 ed 346 ab iom Roman-Suri Frumentius, quo beuwt Aythiopia tienxia dwot christiano nation.

Ex id universal do id specific

Yant id IIt secule, id Kyrk im prest Christians sib dahsit id nam, in id hellen Orient, os "catholic", yani καθόλου = "universal". Pos id triumph os christianisme, tod lexis emt un quasi-official maynen in ia acts ios Constantinople Concil (381). Tehrpt bihe viden ter id ischbat ios suldastur ios Christian doctrine nu-yod Saint Paul hieb insist inkaptos : Christ hat gwohmen kay salve, ne un folk, sontern hol menscgenos. Id vocation ios Christian Kyrk est yinjier ses "universal".

Unghi long andwrnt vaht duce do sonterghehldihes id adjective catholic ei saul Kyrk os Occident, organiset unte Uber Mediev sub id autoritat ios episkep os Rome, ios papp. Quando, in 1054, id definitive rupture con id Kyrk os Orient bringht senter ad se affirme ka orthodox, yani "prabh" (ex hellen ορθός = "wardh", ed δόξα = "mayn"), id Kyrk os Rome ripostet mehmeihnd-ye od id remant kamkwe id saul catholic Kyrk, tod samt universal vocation.